\u00cen anii `20, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul dobrogean se afla \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de refacere \u0219i dezvoltare, dup\u0103 distrugerile provocate de Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial. \u00cen numai c\u00e2teva decenii, re\u021beaua \u0219colar\u0103 crescuse considerabil: dac\u0103 \u00een 1889, existau 126 de \u0219coli primare \u00een Dobrogea, \u00een 1919 num\u0103rul acestora ajunsese la 171 \u00een jude\u021bul Constan\u021ba. Anii de dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi au adus \u00eens\u0103 o nou\u0103 etap\u0103 dificil\u0103: \u0219colile trebuiau ref\u0103cute, iar num\u0103rul copiilor care doreau s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be dep\u0103\u0219ea adesea capacitatea institu\u021biilor existente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen acest context trebuie citit editorialul \u201eL\u0103sa\u021bi copiii s\u0103 mearg\u0103 la \u0219coal\u0103\u201d<\/em>, publicat \u00een ziarul \u201eDacia\u201d din 6 septembrie 1923. Autorul, C. Irimescu, pornea de la o realitate vizibil\u0103 \u00een jude\u021b: p\u0103rin\u021bii \u00ee\u0219i doreau tot mai mult ca fiii \u0219i fiicele lor s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be, iar ini\u021biativa particular\u0103 contribuia la construirea de localuri \u0219i la apari\u021bia unor \u0219coli secundare. Mesajul articolului era direct \u0219i actual pentru acea vreme: \u201eL\u0103sa\u021bi copiii s\u0103 mearg\u0103 la \u0219coal\u0103. Nu vor putea \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba mare lucru; nu vor e\u0219i savan\u021bi; cultura lor va fi poate inferioar\u0103, dar totu\u0219i vor c\u0103p\u0103ta o desvoltare intelectual\u0103, vor fi superiori analfabe\u021bilor\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Editorialul surprinde \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i contradic\u021biile sistemului. Gimnaziile particulare erau criticate pentru faptul c\u0103 aveau cadre didactice insuficient preg\u0103tite, iar ministerul ajunsese s\u0103 le interzic\u0103 func\u021bionarea.v<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201eS-a st\u00eernit discu\u021bii \u00een jurul acestei chestiuni \u0219i s-au produs opinii autorizate, \u00eenvinuind gimnaziile particulare \u0219i cer\u00eend desfiin\u021barea lor ca mai primejdioase pentru cultur\u0103 dec\u00eet folositoare, \u0219i aceasta pe motivul c\u0103 nu au profesori destul de capabili. A fost considerat\u0103 aceast\u0103 r\u00eevn\u0103 de a \u00eenfiin\u021ba \u0219coli secundare ca o manie \u0219i denumit\u0103 chiar: gimnazo mania.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ministerul, probabil influen\u021bat \u0219i el de argumentele invocate, a interzis pur \u0219i simplu func\u021bionarea gimnaziilor din jude\u021b, \u0219i crearea claselor imediat superioare.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Este oare care dreptate \u00een critica adus\u0103 acestor \u0219coli secundare, corpul profesoral e alc\u0103tuit la \u00eent\u00eemplare \u0219i nu \u00eentotdeauna bine selec\u021bionat; evident profesorii improviza\u021bi, ace\u0219ti voluntari \u00een armata instructiv\u0103, nu s\u00eent de acea\u0219i capacitate cu elementele anume preg\u0103tite pentru \u0219coal\u0103; nu e mai pu\u021bin adev\u0103rat \u00eens\u0103, c\u0103 neofi\u021bii ace\u0219tia pot avea o calitate ce lipse\u0219te multor dintre cei pu\u021bini, specializa\u021bi, \u0219i anume pot avea pe l\u00eeng\u0103 o cultur\u0103 general\u0103, o experien\u021b\u0103 a educa\u021biei, prins\u0103 \u00een lupta pentru via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o h\u0103rnicie dornic\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 binele\u201d<\/em>, se red\u0103 \u00een articol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cen lucrarea \u201e\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul public \u00een Dobrogea\u201d<\/em>, publicat\u0103 \u00een revista \u201eAnalele Dobrogei\u201d din 1928, Ioan Georgescu, inspector \u0219ef al Regiunii a Pentru Georgescu, una dintre marile probleme ale perioadei era lipsa personalului didactic calificat, accentuat\u0103 dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi. \u00cen locul \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103torilor titulari au fost chema\u021bi uneori suplinitori cu preg\u0103tire insuficient\u0103: \u201eB\u0103e\u021bi cu 1 \u2013 2 clase de liceu uneori chiar f\u0103r\u0103 nici una sau chiar f\u0103r\u0103 curs primar terminat \u00een regul\u0103, erau chema\u021bi s\u0103 lumineze pe al\u021bii. Cu lipsa de seriozitate intelectual\u0103 se unea adeseori lipsa de demnitate moral\u0103. \u00cen final, se perindau c\u00e2te 3-4 suplinitori la o \u0219coal\u0103. Ce progres putea face \u0219coala \u00een asemenea condi\u021biuni?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n La problemele de personal se ad\u0103ugau localurile improprii \u0219i lipsurile materiale. \u00cen Mircea Vod\u0103, de pild\u0103, \u0219coala era at\u00e2t de prost \u00eentre\u021binut\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t nu avea \u201enici u\u0219i, nici ferestre, cum se cade\u201d<\/em>, iar \u00een timpul lec\u021biilor se \u00eent\u00e2mpla chiar ca animalele s\u0103 intre \u00een cl\u0103dire: \u201eNu odat\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 s\u0103 izbeasc\u0103 scroafa cu r\u00e2tul \u015fi s\u0103 intre \u00een \u015fcoal\u0103, \u00een timpul lec\u0163iilor, groh\u0103ind, cu o droaie de purcei dup\u0103 ea, d\u00e2nd buzna \u00eentre copii. \u00cen Tariverde, de pild\u0103, s\u0103tenii mai cred \u015fi acum c\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103tura e bun\u0103 numai p\u00e2n\u0103 la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 oarecare (12 ani), iar dup\u0103 aceea e ru\u015fine s\u0103 te mai duci la \u015fcoal\u0103 ca pruncii. A\u015fa se face c\u0103 fetele, mai ales germanele, dup\u0103. \u00abconfirmarea\u00bb lor religioas\u0103, dac\u0103 mai vin la \u015fcoal\u0103, vin numai ca s\u0103 nu fie amendate, dar \u0163in c\u0103r\u0163ile ascunse sub \u015for\u0163, s\u0103 nu le vad\u0103 lumea c\u0103 sunt \u015fcol\u0103ri\u0163e\u201d<\/em>. R\u0103zboiul l\u0103sase \u00een urm\u0103 \u0219coli deteriorate, iar refacerea lor cerea timp \u0219i resurse. Situa\u021bia \u00eencepea s\u0103 se schimbe, c\u0103ci a\u0219a cum constata Ioan Georgescu, \u201eanalfabetismul era \u00een agonie\u201d<\/em>, iar opozi\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de obligativitatea frecvent\u0103rii cursurilor \u0219colare era \u00een diminuare. \u00cen Constan\u021ba, directoarea \u0218colii nr. 2 de fete observa cu satisfac\u021bie: \u201eAst\u0103zi cel mai s\u0103rac p\u0103rinte este bucuros s\u0103 mai pl\u0103teasc\u0103 el ceva comitetului \u0219colar, numai s\u0103 i se primeasc\u0103 copilul \u00een \u0219coal\u0103.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Reclama zilei: Se aduce la cuno\u0219tin\u021ba publicului const\u0103n\u021bean precum \u0219i onoratei mele clientele c\u0103 CROITORIA FRANCEZ\u0102 din str. Ion Lahovari no. 32 s-a murat \u00een str. Grivi\u021bei no. 10, vis-a-vis de Varieteul Carpa\u021bi. Execut\u0103 cel mai preten\u021bios costum, dup\u0103 ultimul jurnal cu pre\u021buri de concuren\u021b\u0103. Pentru d-nii studen\u021bi \u0219i func\u021bionari fac reducere. \u00cencerca\u021bi \u0219i v\u0103 ve\u021bi convinge. Cu stim\u0103, Gheorghe Cristu\u201d (Dobrogea Jun\u0103, 1927)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Surs\u0103 foto: Florentina Boz\u00eentan<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00cen anii `20, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul dobrogean se afla \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de refacere \u0219i dezvoltare, dup\u0103 distrugerile provocate de Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial. \u00cen numai c\u00e2teva decenii, re\u021beaua \u0219colar\u0103 crescuse considerabil: dac\u0103 \u00een 1889, existau 126 de \u0219coli primare \u00een Dobrogea, \u00een 1919 num\u0103rul acestora ajunsese la 171 \u00een jude\u021bul Constan\u021ba. Anii de dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi au adus \u00eens\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[91,86,84,85],"class_list":["post-8417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astazi-la-constanta","tag-constanta","tag-istorie","tag-minac","tag-muzeu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8417"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8418,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8417\/revisions\/8418"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
X-a \u0219colare Constan\u021ba, ofer\u0103 o imagine mai ampl\u0103 a situa\u021biei \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u00een provincia dobrogean\u0103. El arat\u0103 c\u0103 dezvoltarea \u0219colii fusese rapid\u0103, dar inegal\u0103. \u00cen 1928, \u00een cele patru jude\u021be dobrogene existau 739 de \u0219coli primare, dintre care 150 urbane \u0219i 589 rurale, cu 1.549 de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tori \u00een mediul rural; dintre ace\u0219tia, 611 erau suplinitori. Func\u021bionau, de asemenea, 247 de gr\u0103dini\u021be de copii, 272 de \u0219coli complementare, 64 de ateliere, 395 de \u0219coli de adul\u021bi, 116 cercuri culturale \u0219i 115 biblioteci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n