{"id":7181,"date":"2026-04-06T08:53:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T05:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/?p=7181"},"modified":"2026-04-06T08:53:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T05:53:04","slug":"6-aprilie-hekate-zeita-misterelor-si-a-raspantiilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/6-aprilie-hekate-zeita-misterelor-si-a-raspantiilor\/","title":{"rendered":"6 aprilie \u2013 Hekate, zei\u021ba misterelor \u0219i a r\u0103sp\u00e2ntiilor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ast\u0103zi, \u00eei dedic\u0103m fila de calendar unei alte divinit\u0103\u021bi antice, prezent\u0103 \u00een Tezaurul de Sculpturi de la Tomis. Este vorba despre <strong>Hekate Triformis<\/strong>, <strong>zei\u021ba magiei \u0219i a vr\u0103jitoriei<\/strong> and <strong>protectoare a r\u0103sp\u00e2ntiilor \u0219i a drumurilor.<\/strong> Era temut\u0103 \u0219i respectat\u0103 la Tomis, fiind reprezentat\u0103 pe nu mai pu\u021bin de cinci piese (dou\u0103 basoreliefuri \u0219i trei statuete) din totalul de 24 descoperite la Constan\u021ba \u00een aprilie 1962. \u00centr-unul dintre reliefuri, zei\u021ba este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 frontal, \u00een picioare, cu trei capete \u0219i trei perechi de m\u00e2ini, \u00een care, dintre simbolurile caracteristice, \u021bine dou\u0103 f\u0103clii (tor\u021be), un m\u0103nunchi de fructe, un pumnal, un bici \u0219i un vas plat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al doilea relief o \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 tot \u00een picioare, \u00een atitudine frontal\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een m\u00e2ini simbolurile sale: f\u0103cliile, un \u0219arpe, o cheie, un arc etc. Pe cele trei capete ale zei\u021bei se afl\u0103 c\u00e2te un <em>calathos<\/em> (co\u0219) \u00eengust \u0219i \u00eenalt. Corpul principal \u021bine \u00een fiecare m\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2te o tor\u021b\u0103 (f\u0103clie) cu flac\u0103ra \u00eendreptat\u0103 \u00een jos, spre col\u021burile pl\u0103cii, unde se afl\u0103, la st\u00e2nga, un altar paralelipipedic, iar \u00een dreapta, un c\u00e2ine. Figura din dreapta a zei\u021bei \u021bine \u00een m\u00e2na dreapt\u0103 un \u0219arpe, iar \u00een cealalt\u0103 ceva nedeterminabil, poate un animal cu capul \u00een jos, ori un simulacru de bici. Figura din st\u00e2nga \u021bine \u00een m\u00e2na dreapt\u0103 o cheie enorm\u0103, iar \u00een st\u00e2nga, un arc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Func\u021biile zei\u021bei Hekate erau multiple. Ea era o zeitate lunar\u0103, dar nu \u00eentruchiparea lunii str\u0103lucitoare, ci a lunii nebuloase. Era mai ales regina r\u0103sp\u00e2ntiilor, ap\u0103r\u00e2nd uneori binevoitoare, \u00eencuraj\u00e2nd sau ocrotind c\u0103l\u0103torii r\u0103t\u0103ci\u021bi \u0219i ar\u0103t\u00e2ndu-le calea pe care trebuiau s\u0103 o apuce la r\u0103scruce de drumuri. De cele mai multe ori \u00eens\u0103, ea trimitea \u00eenaintea c\u0103l\u0103torilor fantome \u0219i mon\u0219tri sau ap\u0103rea ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, cu mare zgomot, sub form\u0103 de diferi\u021bi mon\u0219tri, \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de c\u00e2ini. Ca s\u0103 o \u00eembuneze, credincio\u0219ii, mai ales la \u021bar\u0103, a\u0219ezau la r\u0103sp\u00e2ntii statuile sale, depuneau ofrande \u0219i \u00een\u0103l\u021bau imnuri. De asemenea, Hekate era <strong>protectoare a ora\u0219elor marine \u0219i a marinarilor<\/strong>, asigur\u00e2nd traversarea m\u0103rilor \u00een bune condi\u021bii. Ca inventatoare a n\u0103vodului, era \u0219i protectoarea pescarilor. Ea era v\u0103zut\u0103 \u0219i ca <strong>zeitate htonic\u0103<\/strong>, a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i a lumii subterane, unde avea diverse \u00eendatoriri. Al\u0103turi de Hades \u0219i de Persefona, era gardianul ce avea cheile infernului, fiind \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de c\u00e2inele cu trei capete Cerber. Pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, \u00een asociere cu Persefona, a ajuns s\u0103 fie o <strong>zeitate a vegeta\u021biei<\/strong>, care face s\u0103 renasc\u0103 natura cu tot ce este via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cu tot ce germineaz\u0103. Era protectoarea turmelor de oi \u0219i de capre, ca \u0219i a cirezilor de boi. Leg\u00e2nd-o de aceste func\u021bii, tradi\u021bia popular\u0103 f\u0103cea din ea o zeitate care cuno\u0219tea toate plantele \u0219i ingredientele necesare vr\u0103jilor \u0219i b\u0103uturilor miraculoase. \u00cen acest fel, a devenit una dintre zeit\u0103\u021bile principale \u00een misterele orfice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele trei statuete de marmur\u0103 ale zei\u021bei Hekate con\u021bin acelea\u0219i simboluri ca \u0219i reliefurile. Una dintre piese se remarc\u0103, fiind de o realizare superioar\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de celelalte. Monumentul de marmur\u0103 o \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219eaz\u0103 pe zei\u021ba Hekate \u00een tripl\u0103 reprezentare, cu cele trei corpuri lipite spate \u00een spate. Uneia dintre imagini \u00eei lipse\u0219te capul \u00een \u00eentregime, precum \u0219i o parte din antebra\u0163ul drept. \u00cen toate cele trei imagini, zei\u021ba apare \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 cu dou\u0103 chitonuri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toate figurile poart\u0103 <em>calathos<\/em>-ul cilindric. Una dintre figuri \u021bine \u00een m\u00e2na st\u00e2ng\u0103 o f\u0103clie lung\u0103, mai sub\u021biat\u0103 \u00een jos \u0219i ajung\u00e2nd de la p\u0103m\u00e2nt p\u00e2n\u0103 la um\u0103r. Flac\u0103ra, care trebuia s\u0103 fi fost \u00eendreptat\u0103 \u00een sus, lipse\u0219te. \u00cen m\u00e2na dreapt\u0103, zei\u021ba \u021bine un vas din care toarn\u0103 ap\u0103 \u00een gura c\u00e2inelui a\u0219ezat pe labele dinapoi, la picioarele ei, \u0219i \u021bin\u00e2nd botul \u00eentins spre vas, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t firul de ap\u0103 s\u0103 i se preling\u0103 \u00een gur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin fine\u021bea \u0219i siguran\u021ba cu care sunt t\u0103iate liniile ve\u0219m\u00e2ntului, prin pozi\u021bia capului cu privirea \u00eendreptat\u0103 \u00eenainte, aceast\u0103 a cincea statuie a zei\u021bei respir\u0103 mult\u0103 severitate \u0219i prestan\u021b\u0103, deosebindu-se de toate celelalte monumente cu Hekate ale depozitului de la Constan\u021ba. Este o lucrare de o calitate mai bun\u0103, executat\u0103 cu mai mult\u0103 art\u0103 \u0219i con\u0219tiinciozitate, at\u00e2t \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te tratarea elementelor anatomice, c\u00e2t \u0219i reproducerea ve\u0219mintelor, care sunt redate cu minu\u021biozitate \u0219i elegan\u021b\u0103. At\u00e2t aceast\u0103 statuie deosebit\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i celelalte reprezent\u0103ri ale sale din Tezaur au fost datate \u00een secolul III d.H., \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de toleran\u021b\u0103 religioas\u0103 \u00een Imperiul Roman. Piesele cu Hekate Triformis ne vorbesc despre credin\u021bele tomitanilor de acum 1800 de ani, despre speran\u021bele \u0219i temerile lor \u0219i, evident, despre convingerea c\u0103 vie\u021bile le sunt conduse de c\u0103tre zei&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><u>Reclama zilei<\/u><\/strong><strong> \u2013 <em>Ideile geniale vin numai c\u00e2nd bei la C\u00e2rciuma Ardeleneasc\u0103 Ioan Suciu, Strada Tomis no.5. Restaurant ca la mama acas\u0103! (Ghidul Ilustrat Constan\u021ba \u0219i Tekirghiolul, 1924)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ast\u0103zi, \u00eei dedic\u0103m fila de calendar unei alte divinit\u0103\u021bi antice, prezent\u0103 \u00een Tezaurul de Sculpturi de la Tomis. Este vorba despre Hekate Triformis, zei\u021ba magiei \u0219i a vr\u0103jitoriei \u0219i protectoare a r\u0103sp\u00e2ntiilor \u0219i a drumurilor. Era temut\u0103 \u0219i respectat\u0103 la Tomis, fiind reprezentat\u0103 pe nu mai pu\u021bin de cinci piese (dou\u0103 basoreliefuri \u0219i trei statuete) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[91,86,84,85],"class_list":["post-7181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astazi-la-constanta","tag-constanta","tag-istorie","tag-minac","tag-muzeu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7181"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7182,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7181\/revisions\/7182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}