{"id":6551,"date":"2025-03-01T12:54:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T10:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/?p=6551"},"modified":"2026-01-21T12:55:22","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T10:55:22","slug":"exponatul-lunii-martie-2025-stapana-a-magiei-si-a-intelepciunii-isis-la-tomis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/exponatul-lunii-martie-2025-stapana-a-magiei-si-a-intelepciunii-isis-la-tomis\/","title":{"rendered":"Exponatul lunii martie 2025 \u2013 St\u0103p\u00e2n\u0103 a magiei \u0219i a \u00een\u021belepciunii, Isis la Tomis"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen aceast\u0103 lun\u0103 dedicat\u0103 prin excelen\u021b\u0103 femeilor, The Museum of National History and Archaeology Constanta<\/strong> v\u0103 prezint\u0103 o pies\u0103 sculptural\u0103 de exep\u021bie ce o reprezint\u0103 pe Isis, zei\u021ba  maternit\u0103\u021bii, fertilit\u0103\u021bii, a magiei, a vindec\u0103rii \u0219i a rena\u0219terii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen prim\u0103vara anului 1962, \u00een timpul unor lucr\u0103ri edilitare, a ap\u0103rut capul unei statui de marmur\u0103. Arheologii, chema\u021bi de urgen\u021b\u0103 \u00een zon\u0103, aveau s\u0103 constate c\u0103 era vorba despre descoperirea spectaculoas\u0103 a 24 de sculpturi, cunoscut\u0103 \u00een literatura de specialitate sub numele de Tezaurul de sculpturi de la Tomis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pintre acestea se afla \u0219i un bust al zei\u021bei Isis, lucrat \u00een marmur\u0103 de culoare alb\u0103, lucrarea de o mare valoare artistic\u0103 \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103, ce reprezint\u0103 unul dintre cele mai pre\u021bioase artefacte din colec\u021bia muzeului  const\u0103n\u021bean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piesa con\u021bine elementele de identificare ale divinit\u0103\u021bii, aceasta fiind una dintre pu\u021binele reprezent\u0103ri ale lui Isis care p\u0103streaz\u0103 integral detaliile fe\u021bei. Zei\u021ba este \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219at\u0103 cu p\u0103rul foarte bogat, piept\u0103nat \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 specific\u0103, cu o c\u0103rare care se prelunge\u0219te \u00een spate p\u00e2n\u0103 aproape de ceaf\u0103. Detaliile fe\u021bei sunt redate realist, de aici \u0219i propunerea speciali\u0219tilor cu privire la faptul c\u0103 artistul a folosit un model viu. Figura este senin\u0103, ochii sunt mari \u0219i expresivi, iar arcadele spr\u00e2ncenelor, frumos alungite \u0219i arcuite. Gura este mic\u0103, cu buzele str\u00e2nse \u00eentr-un sur\u00e2s greu perceptibil. La g\u00e2t este vizibil chiton-ul acoperit de un himation, ale c\u0103rui col\u021buri sunt legate \u00eentr-un nod cunoscut sub numele de \u201enodul isiac\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu r\u0103d\u0103cini bine-cunoscute \u00een religia egiptean\u0103, so\u021bie devotat\u0103 a lui Osiris \u0219i mama lui Horus, Isis a fost subiectul unei reinterpret\u0103ri \u00een epoc\u0103 elenistic\u0103 \u0219i roman\u0103, fapt ce a permis cultului ei s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 grani\u021bele p\u0103m\u00e2ntului natal, ajung\u00e2nd \u0219i pe \u021b\u0103rmul M\u0103rii Negre, la Tomis. Epitete precum Fortuna, Augusta, Invicta, Victrix, Basileia, demonstreaz\u0103 faptul c\u0103 zei\u021ba protectoare era adorat\u0103 de toate p\u0103turile societ\u0103\u021bii, de la sclavi, femei \u0219i copii, p\u00e2n\u0103 la comercian\u021bi, militari, magistra\u021bi, fiind chiar una dintre divinit\u0103\u021bile protectoare ale casei imperiale. Ea patrona dragostea erotic\u0103 \u0219i dragostea conjugal\u0103, magia, \u00een\u021belepciunea, s\u0103n\u0103tatea, norocul \u0219i victoria asupra vicisitudinilor vie\u021bii, fiind unul dintre modelele feminine cele mai de succes pe parcursul Antichit\u0103\u021bii. Sub forma de Isis lactans, aceasta era protectoarea femeilor \u00eens\u0103rcinate \u0219i a copiilor, imaginea ei cu pruncul a\u0219ezat pe genunchi fiind unul dintre modelele preluate de c\u0103tre cre\u0219tinism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zei\u021bei Isis \u00eei era dedicat unul dintre cele mai importante festivaluri religioase antice,  Navigium Isidis sau Isidis Navigium, celebrat anual la 5 martie. \u00cen prezent se consider\u0103 c\u0103 o bun\u0103 parte din imaginea colectiv\u0103 a festivalului modern cu care alegorice are ca r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 aceast\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare antic\u0103. Isis avea \u0219i calitatea de \u201eSf\u00e2nt\u0103 Fecioar\u0103 a M\u0103rii\u201d (\u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1), fiind celebrat\u0103 \u0219i la Inventio Osiridis, ale c\u0103rui solemnit\u0103\u0163i din toamn\u0103 aveau loc la \u00eenchiderea sezonului navigabil \u0219i durau din 28 octombrie p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 3 noiembrie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datorit\u0103 dedica\u021biilor epigrafice, \u0219tim c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din perioad\u0103 elenistic\u0103, Isis a fost venerat\u0103 la Tomis \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Sarapis, cultul ei perpetu\u00e2ndu-se \u0219i \u00een epoc\u0103 roman\u0103. Isis nu a p\u0103r\u0103sit niciodat\u0103 Tomisul, de\u0219i templul ei este demult distrus. Zei\u021ba \u00eenc\u0103 vegheaz\u0103 ora\u0219ul de la \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea celebrit\u0103\u021bii pe care o are, odat\u0103 cu descoperirea sa \u00een 1962, \u00eens\u0103 ast\u0103zi, \u00een locul unui templu, o g\u0103sim \u00een sala-tezaur a institu\u021bie noastre. Colectivul Muzeului de Istorie Na\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i Arheologie Constan\u021ba aduce astfel un omagiu tuturor doamnelor \u0219i domni\u0219oarelor! Lumea nu ar fi la fel f\u0103r\u0103 magia \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunea pe care ele o aduc \u00een vie\u021bile noastre \u0219i de aceea le ur\u0103m un sincer La mul\u021bi ani!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mistress of magic and wisdom, Isis at Tomis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the spring of 1962, during the excavation made for the foundations of a new block, whose location had been moved with about 30 m to protect the ruins of the great basilica of the ancient city, the head of a marble statue appeared. The archaeologists urgently called to the area, were to find that it was not a single discovery, but, after the archaeological research, a large pit was documented, and in which 24 sculptures were placed. This discovery is referred by the specialized literature as the treasure of sculptures from Tomis. Among these, was a bust made of white marble of the goddess Isis (MINAC no. inv. 2002). This work is of great artistic and scientific value, being one of the most precious artifacts housed in the collection of the Constan\u021ba museum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The piece (h = 77.5 cm., d base = 20 cm., dated to the first half of the 3rd century AD) contains the identification elements of the divinity, therefore, being one of the few representations of Isis that fully preserves the details of the face. The goddess is depicted with very rich hair, combed in a specific manner, with a part that extends in the back almost to the beginning of the neck. On the top of the has lies one of the symbols specific to the goddess, the crescent moon (the detail is damaged). A rectangular hole about 4 cm deep was carved on the crown of the head, probably made in order to fix a mobile element in it, probably the representation of another symbol of the goddess. The details of the face are rendered realistically, hence the proposal of specialists regarding the fact that the sculptor used a live model. The figure is serene, the eyes are large and expressive, and the arches of the eyebrows are beautifully elongated. The mouth is small, with the lips pursed in a barely perceptible smile. At the neck is visible the chiton covered by a himation whose corners are tied together in a knot known as the “the knot of Isis”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With well-known roots in Egyptian religion, the devoted wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, Isis is the subject of a reinterpretation in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, which will allow her cult to exceed the borders of her native land, reaching the shores of the Black Sea, at Tomis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epithets such as Fortuna, Augusta, Invicta, Myriopnyma, Victrix, Basileia, demonstrate that the goddess protects all levels of society, from slaves, women and young children, to merchants, soldiers, magistrates, being even one of the protective divinities of the imperial house. She reign over the erotic love and conjugal love, magic, wisdom, health, luck and victory over the vicissitudes of life, being one of the most successful female models throughout all the Antiquity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the form of Isis lactans, she is the protector of pregnant women and children, her image with the baby sitting on her lap, being one of the models taken over by Christianity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most important ancient religious festivals is the Navigium Isidis or Isidis Navigium, celebrated on 5 March and dedicated to the goddess at the beginning of the navigational season. It is now believed that much of the collective image for the modern festivals with their allegorical chariots, has roots in this ancient celebration. Isis also had the status of “Holy Virgin of the Sea” (\u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1), being celebrated also at the Inventio Osiridis, whose autumn solemnities, taking place at the close of the navigational season, and lasted several days (from 28 October to 3 November). At Tomis, she was often worshipped together with other divinities of Egyptian origin such as Sarapis, Anubis and Harpocrates, and was periodically celebrated in great public ceremonies known as the Feasts of Isis – charmosyna (\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Due to the epigraphical dedications, we know that since the Hellenistic period, Isis was worshipped together with Sarapis at Tomis. In the Roman era, starting with the first century of the Empire, there is evidence that Tomis hosted many devotees of the cult of the Egyptian gods, organized in cult associations, some of them with an oriental origin, and led by priests who officiated the necessary ceremonies. The prosperity of the city is also reflected in the fact that Isis and her cult are attested at Tomis during the 1st-4th centuries AD. We do not know exactly what happened towards the end of this period, the twilight of the ancient gods of Tomis was a slower and less noisy one than in other places, as new research attests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, Isis never left Tomis, although her temple has long been destroyed. The goddess still watches over the city from the height of her fame with her discovery in 1962, but today, instead of a temple, you can find her in the treasure hall of the Constan\u021ba Museum of National History and Archaeology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This month is dedicated par excellence to women, therefore, the team of the Museum of National History and Archaeology from Constan\u021ba pays a tribute to all the ladies and young ladies! The world would not be the same without the magic and wisdom they bring to our lives! Happy Birthday to all of them!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen aceast\u0103 lun\u0103 dedicat\u0103 prin excelen\u021b\u0103 femeilor, Muzeul de Istorie Na\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i Arheologie Constan\u021ba v\u0103 prezint\u0103 o pies\u0103 sculptural\u0103 de exep\u021bie ce o reprezint\u0103 pe Isis, zei\u021ba  maternit\u0103\u021bii, fertilit\u0103\u021bii, a magiei, a vindec\u0103rii \u0219i a rena\u0219terii. \u00cen prim\u0103vara anului 1962, \u00een timpul unor lucr\u0103ri edilitare, a ap\u0103rut capul unei statui de marmur\u0103. Arheologii, chema\u021bi de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6527,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-exponatul-lunii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6551"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6552,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6551\/revisions\/6552"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}