{"id":6534,"date":"2025-11-01T11:59:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T09:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/?p=6534"},"modified":"2026-01-21T11:59:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T09:59:38","slug":"exponatul-lunii-noiembrie-2025-sub-semnul-thaliei-masca-de-teatru-de-tip-tanagra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/exponatul-lunii-noiembrie-2025-sub-semnul-thaliei-masca-de-teatru-de-tip-tanagra\/","title":{"rendered":"Exponatul lunii noiembrie 2025 – Sub semnul Thaliei. Masc\u0103 de teatru de tip Tanagra"},"content":{"rendered":"

          \u00cen antichitatea greco-roman\u0103, una dintre formele cele mai apreciate de exprimare artistic\u0103 a fost teatrul. Cu origine \u00een Grecia antic\u0103, teatrul ia na\u0219tere din celebrarea lui Dionysos, veselul zeu al vinului \u015fi al fertilit\u0103\u0163ii. \u00cen timp, festivit\u0103\u021bile \u00eenchinate zeului au inclus dansuri, c\u00e2ntece, recit\u0103ri de dithyrambi \u00een cinstea eroilor greci, concursuri de crea\u021bie premiate cu un \u0163ap (tragos<\/em>) –  din acest termen deriv\u00e2nd termenul actual \u201etragedie\u201d. \u00cen jurul templului lui Dionysos s-a creat un loc specific, special pentru reprezenta\u0163ii teatrale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Un accesoriu important al actorilor era masca, provenit\u0103 din machiajul primitiv pe care \u015fi-l aplicau credincio\u015fii la s\u0103rb\u0103torile dionisiace; era de dimensiuni mari, confec\u021bionat\u0103 din materiale organice. Rolul m\u0103\u0219tii era multifunc\u021bional: identifica personajul pentru public, exagera tr\u0103s\u0103turile emo\u021bionale \u0219i amplifica expresivitatea actorului, permi\u021b\u00e2nd recunoa\u0219terea de la distan\u021b\u0103 datorit\u0103 m\u0103rimii \u0219i culorii (\u00eentunecate pentru tragedii, viu colorate pentru comedii). De asemenea, masca permitea actorilor b\u0103rba\u021bi s\u0103 joace \u0219i roluri feminine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ca parte integrant\u0103 a lumii helenice (p\u00e2n\u0103 la cucerirea roman\u0103), pentru ora\u0219ele grece\u0219ti vest-pontice Histria, Tomis \u0219i Callatis reprezent\u0103rile plastice \u015fi textele epigrafice, coroborate cu izvoarele scrise \u015fi cu descoperirile arheologice ne aduc la cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 c\u0103 diferitele jocuri \u015fi spectacole ocupau un loc important \u00een via\u0163a cultural\u0103 a acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Masca de teatru prezentat\u0103 ca exponat al lunii noiembrie face parte din colec\u021bia Muzeului de Istorie Na\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i Arheologie Constan\u021ba<\/strong>, este de tip Tanagra, realizat\u0103 din terracotta \u0219i a fost descoperit\u0103 cel mai probabil la Mangalia (anticul Callatis). Nu este o masc\u0103 folosit\u0103 \u00een spectacole, datorit\u0103 dimensiunilor mici \u0219i materialului; avea rol decorativ, fiind prev\u0103zut\u0103 cu orificii care permiteau at\u00e2rnarea acesteia cu ajutorul unor sfori, \u00een interiorul diverselor spa\u021bii din teatru (de asemenea, acest tip de masc\u0103 se putea folosi fie \u00een context funerar, fie cu un caracter votiv \u00een templele lui Dionysos). Se p\u0103streaz\u0103 fragmentar, fiind re\u00eentregit\u0103, \u0219i reprezint\u0103 un personaj de comedie, ilar, chiar grotesc, cu ochii punctiformi \u0219i spr\u00e2ncene stufoase, expresia de veselie fiind redat\u0103 prin gura larg deschis\u0103, a c\u0103rei margine masiv\u0103 este arcuit\u0103 sus, la nivelul pome\u0163ilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the Sign of Thalia. Tanagra-Type Theatre Mask<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          In the Greco-Roman antiquity, one of the most highly valued forms of artistic expression was the theater. Originating in ancient Greece, theater emerged from the celebration of Dionysus, the cheerful god of wine and fertility. Over time, the festivities dedicated to the god came to include dances, songs, and recitations of dithyrambs in honor of Greek heroes, as well as creative contests whose prize was a goat (tragos<\/em>) \u2014 from which the modern term \u201ctragedy\u201d derives. Around the temple of Dionysus, a specific space was created, dedicated to theatrical performances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          An important accessory for actors was the mask, derived from the primitive makeup worn by worshippers during Dionysian festivals. It was large in size and made from organic materials. The role of the mask was multifunctional: it identified the character for the audience, exaggerated emotional features, and enhanced the actor\u2019s expressiveness, allowing recognition from a distance due to its size and color (dark tones for tragedies, brightly colored for comedies). The mask also enabled male actors to play female roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          As an integral part of the Hellenic world (until the Roman conquest), the Greek West-Pontic cities of Histria, Tomis, and Callatis show\u2014through artistic representations and epigraphic texts, corroborated with written sources and archaeological discoveries\u2014that various games and performances held an important place in their cultural life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          The theatrical mask presented as the Exhibit of the Month for November belongs to the collection of the National History and Archaeology Museum in Constan\u021ba. It is of the Tanagra type, made of terracotta, and was most likely discovered in Mangalia (ancient Callatis). It was not a mask used in performances due to its small size and material; instead, it had a decorative purpose, being fitted with holes that allowed it to be hung with strings inside various spaces within the theater. This type of mask could also be used in a funerary context or as a votive offering in the temples of Dionysus. The piece is preserved fragmentarily, having been restored, and represents a comedic\u2014cheerful or even grotesque\u2014character, with dotted eyes and thick eyebrows. The expression of joy is conveyed through the wide-open mouth, whose massive edge arches upward at the level of the cheekbones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Curatori:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

dr. Aurel Mototolea, \u0219ef sec\u021bie Muzeografie \u0219i Muzee Locale<\/p>\n\n\n\n

drd. Andreea Andrei, muzeograf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliografie \/ Bibliography<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Covacef, Zizi, Ludi tomitani \u00een documente arheologice. Analele Dobrogei, SN, an II, nr. 1, p.7-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bucoval\u0103, Mihai, Noi morminte de epoc\u0103 roman\u0103 timpurie la Tomis. Pontice, I, 1968, p.269-306.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Canarache, Vasile, M\u0103\u0219ti \u0219i figurine Tanagra din atelierele de la Callatis \u2013 Mangalia, Constan\u021ba, 1969, p. 36-37; 175.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00cen antichitatea greco-roman\u0103, una dintre formele cele mai apreciate de exprimare artistic\u0103 a fost teatrul. Cu origine \u00een Grecia antic\u0103, teatrul ia na\u0219tere din celebrarea lui Dionysos, veselul zeu al vinului \u015fi al fertilit\u0103\u0163ii. \u00cen timp, festivit\u0103\u021bile \u00eenchinate zeului au inclus dansuri, c\u00e2ntece, recit\u0103ri de dithyrambi \u00een cinstea eroilor greci, concursuri de crea\u021bie premiate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6528,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-exponatul-lunii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6535,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6534\/revisions\/6535"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minac.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}